Method for producing anti-blocking hard coat film

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention provide a hard coat film, including a film base material and a hard coat arranged on at least one surface of the film base material, wherein the hard coat is comprised of an active energy ray-curable resin composition. The active energy ray-curable resin composition includes 100 parts by mass of (P) a urethane (meth)acrylate compound, 0.02 to 5 parts by mass of (Q) organic fine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 300 nm, and 0.0002 to 2 parts by mass of (R) an acrylic silicon leveling agent. The (R) acrylic silicon leveling agent is loaded in the active energy ray-curable resin composition in an amount of 1 part by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the (Q) organic fine particles.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is related to, and claims priority to, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/902,832, filed on Jan. 4, 2016, which claimspriority to PCT/JP2014/065966, filed on Jun. 17, 2014, entitled(translation), “METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANTI-BLOCKING HARD COAT FILM,”which claims the benefit of and priority to Japanese Patent ApplicationNo. 2013-140335, filed on Jul. 4, 2013, entitled (translation), “METHODFOR PRODUCING ANTI-BLOCKING HARD COAT FILM,” each of which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety into this application.

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention

Embodiments of the invention relate to a method for producing ananti-blocking hard coat film. Embodiments of the invention morespecifically relate to a method for producing a hard coat film which isexcellent in anti-blocking properties and transparency and suitable as amember of a touch panel.

Description of the Related Art

In recent years, touch panels have become widespread, which areinstalled on image display devices, such as a liquid crystal display, aplasma display, and an electroluminescence display and allow input bytouching with a finger, a pen, or the like, while observing a display. Amember comprising a film base material, such as triacetyl cellulose orpolyethylene terephthalate has been frequently used in a touch panel. Ithas been widely performed to form an abrasion resistant hard coat on theoutermost surface on the touch surface side of the film base material sothat scratches and the like caused by fingernails or a pen point duringthe operation of the touch panel do not occur.

Further, a transparent conductive laminate of a film base material and atransparent conductive film such as a metal oxide thin film of indiumtin oxide or the like has been frequently used in the touch panel. Ithas been widely performed to form a hard coat or laminate a hard coatfilm on the transparent conductive laminate for the purpose ofsuppressing precipitation of oligomers from the film base material orthe like or adjusting the reflection color or transmission color of thelaminate.

In the production steps for forming a hard coat film by forming a hardcoat on a film base material, for forming a hard coat on a transparentconductive laminate, and for laminating a transparent conductivelaminate and a hard coat film, the laminated film may be stored in thestate where it is wound in a roll form. Since the laminated film is leftwith the surface on the hard coat side and the back surface opposite tothe hard coat surface being pressed with each other for a long timeduring the storage, the hard coat surface and the back surface are oftenstrongly adhered. As a result, when the laminated film is withdrawn froma film roll, it cannot be smoothly withdrawn, or the hard coat of thelaminated film may be broken.

As a technique of solving such disadvantage, a technique ofincorporating fine particles into a coating material for forming a hardcoat to provide unevenness on the hard coat surface to reduce the truecontact area between the hard coat surface and the back surface isfrequently used. However, in order to obtain sufficient anti-blockingproperties, it is necessary to use particles having a relatively largesize or use a large amount of fine particles, resulting inunsatisfactory transparency for a touch panel.

Thus, there have been proposed techniques of forming a coating film madeof a coating material containing inorganic fine particles such as silicaon the back surface opposite to the surface on the hard coat side of afilm base material to provide unevenness on the back surface (forexample, see JP 2011-039978 A and JP 2012-027401 A). However, in orderto obtain sufficient anti-blocking properties, these techniques arerequired to incorporate particles having a relatively large size or toincorporate a large amount of fine particles into the coating materialused for the anti-blocking coat. Even when such a coating film is formedon the back surface, there is a disadvantage that the transparency willbe unsatisfactory for a touch panel. Further, since inorganic fineparticles such as silica have high hardness, there is a disadvantage ofthe wear of a production apparatus. Further, since highly dispersedinorganic fine particles such as silica have high surface activity andstrong adhesion force to metal, there will also be a disadvantage ofrequiring much labor in the operation of cleaning a coating roller orthe like when a coating material containing inorganic fine particlessuch as silica adheres to the coating roller or the like.

Further, there has been proposed a technique of providing unevenness onthe hard coat surface by phase separating the base resin of a coatingmaterial forming a hard coat (for example, see JP 2010-163535 A).However, since the effect of the technique is largely influenced bydrying, temperature conditions, and the like during production, there isalso a disadvantage that it is difficult to industrially stably producesuch a hard coat film.

Further, there has been also proposed a technique of gathering ananti-blocking agent on the surface of a hard coat layer (for example,see JP 2010-241937 A). According to this technique, since sufficientanti-blocking properties can be obtained when a small amount of fineparticles are used as an anti-blocking agent, transparency sufficientfor displays can be secured. However, the technique of JP 2010-241937Ais a technique in which “fine particles having a fluorine compound onthe surface is used as an anti-blocking agent thereby bleeding the fineparticles to the surface of a hard coat layer to effectively formsurface unevenness with a small amount of fine particles and impartblocking resistance without reducing the physical properties andtransparency of the hard coat layer”. Therefore, this technique cannotbe used for the purpose of suppressing precipitation of oligomers from afilm base material or the like. Further, even when a conductive filmsuch as an indium tin oxide thin film is intended to be laminated on theanti-blocking hard coat surface, it will be difficult to laminate thefilm with sufficient adhesion strength. Further, this film is notsatisfactory in terms of stain resistance and fingerprint resistance asa film for touch panels operated by touching with a finger or the like.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention provide a hard coat film, which isexcellent in anti-blocking properties and transparency and suitable as amember of a touch panel.

Embodiments of the invention provide a specific active energyray-curable resin composition as a coating material for forming a hardcoat under specific conditions.

Specifically, embodiments of the invention provide a hard coat film,including a film base material and a hard coat arranged on at least onesurface of the film base material, wherein the hard coat is comprised ofan active energy ray-curable resin composition. The active energyray-curable resin composition includes 100 parts by mass of (P) aurethane (meth)acrylate compound, 0.02 to 5 parts by mass of (Q) organicfine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 300 nm, and0.0002 to 2 parts by mass of (R) an acrylic silicon leveling agent. The(R) acrylic silicon leveling agent is loaded in the active energyray-curable resin composition in an amount of 1 part by mass or morebased on 100 parts by mass of the (Q) organic fine particles.

According to at least one embodiment, when two test pieces each having asize of 20 cm in length×12 cm in width are cut out from the hard coatfilm so that the longitudinal direction can be the machine direction ofthe hard coat film, the two test pieces are superposed so that the hardcoat surface of one test piece and the back surface opposite to the hardcoat surface of the other test piece can face each other.

According to at least one embodiment, the hard coat film furtherincludes a stainless steel plate having a size of 10 cm in length×10 cmin width and a mass of 1000 g arranged on a central part of thesuperposed test pieces at a load of 10 g/cm², and the test pieces areallowed to adhere to each other at a temperature of 90° C. for 10minutes; and the test pieces are then subjected to T-shaped peeling byhand, the test pieces meet any one of the following criteria: (i): notbeing adhered at all, and (ii): being slightly adhered, but if one ofthe shorter sides of the upper test piece is raised, the lower testpiece will be separated and fall by its own weight.

A touch panel including the hard coat film according to the hard coatfilm described above.

Various objects, advantages and features of the invention will becomeapparent from the following description of embodiments with reference tothe accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the invention arebetter understood with regard to the following Detailed Description,appended Claims, and accompanying FIGURE. It is to be noted, however,that the FIGURE illustrates only various embodiments of the inventionand are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention's scopeas it may include other effective embodiments as well.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of temperaturecontrollable ultraviolet irradiation means used in Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of invention provide a method for producing a hard coat filmhaving a hard coat formed from an active energy ray-curable resincomposition on at least one surface of a film base material.

According to at least one embodiment, the active energy ray-curableresin composition (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “coatingmaterial” or a “coating composition”) can be polymerized/cured by anactive energy ray, such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams to form ahard coat, and contains (P) a urethane (meth)acrylate compound, (Q)organic fine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 300 nm,and (R) an acrylic silicone leveling agent.

As follows, (meth)acrylate means acrylate or methacrylate. Further, a(meth)acryloyl group means an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group.

According to at least one embodiment, the component (P) is a compoundhaving a urethane bond and a (meth)acryloyl group, and has acharacteristic feature that the curing reaction is fast when it isirradiated with an active energy ray to be cured. The production method,according to various embodiments of the invention, includes a step ofirradiating the active energy ray-curable resin composition with anactive energy ray at a temperature of 50 to 90° C. to cure thecomposition. Therefore, a coating composition in which the curingreaction is fast is preferred. When the active energy ray-curable resincomposition contains the component (P), a fast curing reaction isachieved.

According to at least one embodiment, the component (P) may also have afunctional group other than the urethane bond and the (meth)acryloylgroup. Examples of the functional group other than the urethane bond andthe (meth)acryloyl group include a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, aphenyl group, a thiol group, a phosphate group, an epoxy group, halogen,an ether bond, and an ester bond.

Examples of the component (P) include a polyurethane (meth)acrylate anda urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer. Commercially available examplesinclude, for example, polyfunctional polyurethane acrylates “Beam Set575 (trade name)” and “Beam Set 575CB (trade name)” by Arakawa ChemicalIndustries, Ltd., and a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer “CN Series(trade name)” by Sartomer Japan, Inc. One of these compounds or amixture of two or more of these compounds can be used as the component(P).

According to at least one embodiment, the component (Q) is organic fineparticles having an average particle size of 10 to 300 nm. The “organicfine particles” of the component (Q) referred to therein are notparticularly limited as long as they are an organic compound having anaverage particle size within a predetermined range. The component (Q)acts so as to impart suitable anti-blocking properties to a hard coatformed from the active energy ray-curable resin composition. Therefore,the average particle size of the component (Q) is required to be apredetermined size or more. Specifically, the average particle size ofthe component (Q) needs to be 10 nm or more. The average particle sizemay be preferably 80 nm or more, more preferably 120 nm or more.

On the other hand, in order to maintain the transparency of the hardcoat, the average particle size of the component (Q) is required to be apredetermined size or less. Specifically, the average particle size ofthe component (Q) needs to be 300 nm or less. The average particle sizeis preferably 250 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less.

When an anti-blocking agent is present on or in the vicinity of thesurface of the hard coat, it develops a large effect, but when it iscompletely buried in the inner part of the hard coat, it hardly developsthe effect. Therefore, in order to develop suitable anti-blockingproperties with a smaller loading, it is preferred to use ananti-blocking agent which easily gathers on or in the vicinity of thesurface of the hard coat. The component (Q) which is the organic fineparticles contained in the active energy ray-curable resin compositionhas characteristics of easily gathering on or in the vicinity of thesurface of the hard coat. Therefore, the component (Q) is preferablyused as an anti-blocking agent.

While not wishing to be bound by any specific theory, it is consideredthat the organic fine particles easily gather on or in the vicinity ofthe surface of the hard coat because the fine particles have a smallspecific gravity and properties of floating on the surface of a wetcoating film.

According to at least one embodiment, examples of the component (Q)include, but are not particularly limited to, resin beads of styrenicresins, acrylic resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, ethyleneresins, propylene resins, fluorine-containing resins, and cured resinsof amino compounds and formaldehyde. Among these, fine particles ofcrosslinked acrylic resins are preferred because these particles easilygather on or in the vicinity of the surface of the hard coat and areexcellent in transparency and solvent resistance. One of these fineparticles or a mixture of two or more of these fine particles can beused as the component (Q).

Commercially available examples of the component (Q) include crosslinkedor uncrosslinked acrylic resin fine particles “ADVANCELL NS (tradename)” by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., crosslinked acrylic resin fineparticles “UJ Series (trade name)” and “DJ Series (trade name)” byToagosei Co., Ltd., and crosslinked acrylic resin fine particles “ENEOSUni-Powder (trade name)” by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation.

Note that the average particle size of fine particles referred totherein is a particle size at which 50% by mass of particles from thefinest particle side are accumulated in a particle size distributioncurve determined by a laser diffraction/scattering method. This averageparticle size is, for example, measured using a laserdiffraction/scattering particle size analyzer “MT3200II (trade name)” byNikkiso Co., Ltd.

According to at least one embodiment, the lower limit of the loading ofthe component (Q) can be determined from the point of view of securinganti-blocking properties of the hard coat film. In the hard coat filmobtained by the production method, according to various embodiments ofthe invention, the anti-blocking agent is concentrated on or in thevicinity of the surface of the hard coat. Therefore, the loading of thecomponent (Q) that is required at the minimum for the development ofanti-blocking properties can be expressed by the mass (q) of thecomponent (Q) in a coating composition required for forming 1 m² of thehard coat.

As shown in Table 2 with respect to Examples to be described below, themass (q) may be at least 10 mg, preferably 15 mg or more. Therefore,although there is some up and down depending on the amount of optionalcomponents in the coating composition, when the thickness of the hardcoat after curing is set to 2 μm, the loading of the component (Q) maybe 0.5 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.8 parts by mass or more,based on 100 parts by mass of the component (P); when the thickness isset to 10 μm, the loading of the component (Q) may be 0.1 part by massor more, preferably 0.16 parts by mass or more; and when the thicknessis set to 50 μm, the loading of the component (Q) may be 0.02 parts bymass or more, preferably 0.032 parts by mass or more.

On the other hand, the upper limit of the loading of the component (Q)can be determined from the point of view of securing the transparency ofa hard coat film. The upper limit of the loading of the component (Q)may be 5 parts by mass or less, preferably 3 parts by mass or less,based on 100 parts by mass of the component (P).

According to at least one embodiment, the component (R) is an acrylicsilicon leveling agent and has properties that the polarity and thesurface tension are a little lower than those of the component (P). Thecomponent (R) satisfactorily disperses the component (Q) in a coatingcomposition and acts so that the component (Q) easily gather on or inthe vicinity of the surface of the hard coat. The “acrylic siliconleveling agent” of the component (R) referred to therein is notparticularly limited as long as it is a leveling agent that generatesthe above action, has an acrylic group (or methacrylic group), andcontains silicon.

According to at least one embodiment, the lower limit of the loading ofthe component (R) can be determined from the point of view of dispersingthe component (Q) in a coating composition to obtain the effect ofallowing the component (Q) to easily gather on or in the vicinity of thesurface of the hard coat. The lower limit of the loading of thecomponent (R) may be 1 part by mass or more, preferably 3 parts by massor more, based on 100 parts by mass of the component (Q). When theloading of the component (R) is 1 part by mass or more based on 100parts by mass of the component (Q), the component (Q) is dispersed toprovide sufficient effect of allowing the component (Q) to easily gatheron or in the vicinity of the surface of the hard coat, thus capable ofobtaining satisfactory anti-blocking properties.

According to at least one embodiment, the ratio of the lower limitloading of the component (R) to the loading of the component (P) can bedetermined by taking the influence of the amount of optional componentsin the coating composition or the thickness of the hard coat asdescribed above into consideration. For example, when the thickness ofthe hard coat after curing is 2 μm, the loading of the component (Q)expressed in terms of solids is 0.5 parts by mass or more, preferably0.8 parts by mass or more, based on 100 parts by mass of the component(P). Therefore, the loading of the component (R) may be 0.005 parts bymass or more, preferably 0.008 parts by mass or more, more preferably0.015 parts by mass or more, and most preferably 0.024 parts by mass ormore. Similarly, when the thickness of the hard coat after curing is 50μm, the loading of the component (Q) is 0.02 parts by mass or more,preferably 0.032 parts by mass or more, based on 100 parts by mass ofthe component (P). Therefore, the loading of the component (R) may be0.0002 parts by mass or more, preferably 0.00032 parts by mass or more,more preferably 0.0006 parts by mass or more, and most preferably0.00096 parts by mass or more.

On the other hand, the upper limit of the loading of the component (R)can be determined so that, in the annealing step before laminating thehard coat film with a conductive film such as an indium tin oxide thinfilm, the leveling agent may not bleed out to the hard coat surface toreduce the adhesion between the hard coat and the conductive film. Theupper limit of the loading of the component (R) may be 2 parts by massor less, preferably 1 part by mass or less, based on 100 parts by massof the component (P).

Commercially available examples of such an acrylic silicon levelingagent include “Disparlon UVX272 (trade name)”, “Disparlon UVX2280 (tradename)”, “Disparlon UVX2285 (trade name)”, “Disparlon AQ7120 (tradename)”, “Disparlon AQ7180 (trade name)”, and “Disparlon LHP810 (tradename)”, all by Kusumoto Chemicals, Ltd. Note that since thesecommercially available products are diluted with a solvent, theseproducts can be used in an amount converted so that the amount of theacrylic silicon leveling agent (solids) may be within the above range.

In order to satisfactorily proceed the curing reaction by an activeenergy ray, the above active energy ray-curable resin compositionpreferably contains a compound (S) having two or more isocyanate groups(—N═C═O) in one molecule and/or a photopolymerization initiator (T).

According to at least one embodiment, examples of the compound (S)having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule includemethylenebis-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate; polyisocyanates such as atrimethylolpropane adduct of tolylene diisocyanate, a trimethylolpropaneadduct of hexamethylene diisocyanate, a trimethylolpropane adduct ofisophorone diisocyanate, an isocyanurate of tolylene diisocyanate, anisocyanurate of hexamethylene diisocyanate, an isocyanurate ofisophorone diisocyanate, and a biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate; andurethane crosslinking agents such as a block-type isocyanate of theabove polyisocyanates. These can be used singly or in combination of twoor more. Further, in the case of crosslinking, a catalyst such asdibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin diethylhexoate may be added to theactive energy ray-curable resin composition as needed.

According to at least one embodiment, examples of thephotopolymerization initiator (T) include benzophenone compounds such asbenzophenone, methyl-o-benzoylbenzoate, 4-methylbenzophenone,4,4′-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate,4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4′-methyldiphenyl sulfide,3,3′,4,4′-tetra(tert-butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone, and2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone; benzoin compounds such as benzoin, benzoinmethyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, and benzylmethyl ketal; acetophenone compounds such as acetophenone,2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenylketone; anthraquinone compounds such as methylanthraquinone,2-ethylanthraquinone, and 2-amylanthraquinone; thioxanthone compoundssuch as thioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, and2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone; alkylphenone compounds such as acetophenonedimethylketal; triazine compounds; biimidazole compounds; acylphosphineoxide compounds; titanocene compounds; oxime ester compounds; oximephenylacetate compounds; hydroxyketone compounds; and aminobenzoatecompounds. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

The active energy ray-curable resin composition can further containother components in addition to the components (P), (Q), (R), (S), and(T) within a range that does not adversely affect the purpose of thepresent invention.

According to at least one embodiment, examples of other componentsinclude one or more selected from (meth)acryloyl group-containingprepolymers or oligomers such as a polyester(meth)acrylate, apolyacrylic (meth)acrylate, an epoxy (meth)acrylate, a polyalkyleneglycol poly(meth)acrylate, and a polyether (meth)acrylate;(meth)acryloyl group-containing monofunctional reactive monomers such asmethyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate,hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl(meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyl(meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl(meth)acrylate, phenyl cellosolve (meth)acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl hydrogen phthalate,dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, trifluoroethyl (meth)acrylate, andtrimethylsiloxyethyl methacrylate; monofunctional reactive monomers suchas N-vinyl pyrrolidone and styrene; (meth)acryloyl group-containingbifunctional reactive monomers such as diethylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanedioldi(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate,2,2′-bis(4-(meth)acryloyloxypolyethylene oxyphenyl)propane, and2,2′-bis(4-(meth)acryloyloxypolypropylene oxyphenyl)propane;(meth)acryloyl group-containing trifunctional reactive monomers such astrimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate and trimethylolethanetri(meth)acrylate; (meth)acryloyl group-containing tetrafunctionalreactive monomers such as pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate; and(meth)acryloyl group-containing hexafunctional reactive monomers such asdipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. Further examples include resins usingone or more of the above monomers as constituent monomers.

According to at least one embodiment, the active energy ray-curableresin composition may optionally contain one or two or more additivessuch as an antioxidant, a weatherability stabilizer, a light-resistantstabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, an antistaticagent, a surfactant, a coloring agent, and a thixotropy-imparting agent.

According to at least one embodiment, the active energy ray-curableresin composition may optionally contain a solvent in order to bediluted to a concentration that allows easy application. The solvent isnot particularly limited as long as it does not react with a componentof the active energy ray-curable resin composition or other optionalcomponents, or it does not catalyze (accelerate) the self-reaction(including degradation reaction) of these components. Examples of thesolvent that can be used include known solvents such as1-methoxy-2-propanol, n-butyl acetate, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone,methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and diacetone alcohol.

According to at least one embodiment, the active energy ray-curableresin composition is obtained by mixing and stirring these components.

The production method, according to various embodiments of theinvention, includes the step of (1) coating a film base material withthe above active energy ray-curable resin composition to form a wetcoating film.

According to at least one embodiment, the thickness of the wet coatingfilm may be, but is not particularly limited to, for example, 0.5 μm to100 μm corresponding to the desired thickness of hard coat.

A method of coating a film base material with the active energyray-curable resin composition is not particularly limited, but a knownweb coating method can be used. Specific examples include methods, suchas roll coating, gravure coating, reverse coating, roll brushing, spraycoating, air knife coating, and die coating.

According to at least one embodiment, the film base material is notparticularly limited as long as it has high transparency, and anarbitrary transparent resin film can be used for the film base material.Among them, a film excellent also in smoothness, heat resistance,mechanical strength, rigidity, and surface hardness is suitably used.

According to at least one embodiment, examples of such a transparentresin film include a film of a thermoplastic resin such as a celluloseester resin such as triacetyl cellulose, a polyester resin such aspolyethylene terephthalate, a cyclic hydrocarbon resin such as anethylene-norbornene copolymer, an acrylic resin, an aromaticpolycarbonate resin, a polyamide resin, a polyarylate resin, apolymer-type urethane acrylate resin, and a polyimide resin. Further,the transparent resin film include a non-oriented film, auniaxially-oriented film, and a biaxially-oriented film.

According to at least one embodiment, the thickness of the transparentresin film as a film base material is not particularly limited, but ispreferably 10 to 1000 μm. When the thickness of the transparent resinfilm is 10 μm or more, sufficient rigidity can be secured. Further, whenthe thickness of the transparent resin film is 1000 μm or less, thecoating can be performed using a known web coating method and apparatus.The thickness of the transparent resin film is more preferably 20 to 250μm.

According to at least one embodiment, a laminate of the abovetransparent resin film and one layer or two or more layers of anyoptical functional film and/or one layer or two or more layers of anytransparent conductive film may be used as a film base material.

According to at least one embodiment, an anchor coat may be provided onthe surface of the film base material before coating the film basematerial with the above active energy ray-curable resin composition inorder to increase the adhesive strength with the hard coat.

According to at least one embodiment, an anchor coat agent for formingthe anchor coat is not particularly limited as long as it is welldissolved in a known solvent such as 1-methoxy-2-propanol, n-butylacetate, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylacetate, and acetone, and sufficient anchor effect can be obtained.Examples of the anchor coat agent that can be used include conventionalpolyester, acrylic, polyurethane, acrylic urethane, and polyesterpolyurethane anchor coat agents. Commercially available examples of theanchor coat agent include “VYLON 24SS (trade name)” by Toyobo Co., Ltd.and “AU2141NT (trade name)” by TOKUSHIKI Co., Ltd.

According to at least one embodiment, for providing an anchor coat, thesurface of a film base material is coated with an anchor coat agent by aconventional method to form an anchor coat, and the anchor coat can becoated with the above active energy ray-curable resin composition toform the hard coat.

According to at least one embodiment, the thickness of the anchor coatis not particularly limited, but may generally be about 0.01 to 5 μm.The thickness is preferably 0.05 to 2 μm.

According to at least one embodiment, a method of coating with an anchorcoat agent is not particularly limited, but a known web coating methodcan be used. Specific examples include methods such as roll coating,gravure coating, reverse coating, roll brushing, spray coating, airknife coating, and die coating.

According to at least one embodiment, the production method of thepresent invention includes the step of (2) drying the wet coating filmto form a dry coating film.

According to at least one embodiment, the method of drying the wetcoating film is not particularly limited. The drying can be performed,for example, at a temperature of 30 to 120° C. for a time period ofabout 3 to 120 seconds. The lower limit of the drying temperature may bemore preferably 40° C. or more, further preferably 50° C. or more.

When the active energy ray-curable resin composition is applied to afilm base material, the component (Q) is in the state of being uniformlydispersed in the resin composition. Therefore, according to variousembodiments, it is preferred to secure the time for the component (Q) togather on or in the vicinity of the surface of the wet coating filmbefore drying. For the purpose of securing the gathering time, thelength of time after forming the wet coating film in the step (1) andbefore starting drying in the step (2) (for example, industrially, thelength of time required for conveyance of a web from a coating headposition to the entrance of a drying furnace) is preferably 3 seconds ormore. This length of time is more preferably 5 seconds or more. Notethat if the entrance of the drying path is brought close to the coatinghead by extending the drying path, the residence time in the drying pathwill be extended, and it will be possible to dry the web at a lowertemperature. However, if the entrance of the drying path is broughtexcessively close to the coating head, the maintenance such as cleanupoperation of the coating head will tend to be troublesome. Thus, thelength of time after forming the wet coating film in the step (1) andbefore starting drying in the step (2) is preferably 3 seconds or morealso from the point of view of working efficiency and production cost.

On the other hand, this length of time is preferably at most about 30seconds from the point of view of the production efficiency with respectto the steps (1) and (2).

According to at least one embodiment, the drying temperature in thedrying step is set to a temperature generally equal to the temperaturein the curing step (3) to follow in order to facilitate the temperaturecontrol of the step (3).

The production method, according to various embodiments of theinvention, includes the step of (3) irradiating the dry coating filmwith an active energy ray at a temperature of 50 to 90° C. to cure thedry coating film to form a hard coat film.

Conventionally, the step of irradiating a coating film of the activeenergy ray-curable resin composition with an active energy ray such asultraviolet rays to cure the coating film has been performed in thevicinity of ordinary temperatures. This is because if the coating filmis heated, the rigidity of the film base material will be reduced toeasily cause trouble such as generation of wrinkles on the hard coatfilm.

Irrespective of the trouble, as a result of the investigation oftemperature conditions in the curing step, embodiments of the inventiondemonstrate that the anti-blocking properties of the hard coat film islargely improved under specific temperature conditions.

In order to obtain the improvement effect of the anti-blockingproperties of the hard coat film, the temperature in the curing stepneeds to be 50° C. or more. The temperature in the curing step ispreferably 60° C. or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of thetemperature in the curing step is preferably set in consideration ofkeeping the rigidity of the film base material at a satisfactory leveland suppressing occurrence of trouble such as wrinkles on the hard coatfilm. The temperature in the curing step is set according to the type ofthe film base material, and when the film base material is abiaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate film, the temperature isgenerally preferably set to 90° C. or less. The temperature in thecuring step is preferably 80° C. or less.

The method of controlling the temperature conditions in the curing step,according to at least one embodiment, is not particularly limited, butcan be performed by an arbitrary method. Examples include a method ofallowing a roll placed in opposition to an active energy ray irradiationapparatus to hold the laminate obtained in the step (2) as shown in FIG.1 according to Examples thereby controlling the surface temperature ofthe roll to a predetermined temperature; and a method of enclosing thesurroundings of an active energy ray irradiation apparatus as anirradiation furnace thereby controlling the temperature in theirradiation furnace to a predetermined temperature.

According to at least one embodiment, irradiation of the active energyray can be performed using an arbitrary apparatus. For example, anapparatus using a high pressure mercury lamp, a metal-halide lamp, orthe like as a light source can be used. Further, the amount ofirradiation of the active energy ray may be suitably adjusted accordingto the curing characteristics of the active energy ray-curable resincomposition as a coating material for forming a hard coat to be used.The amount of irradiation may generally be 100 to 10000 mJ/cm².

According to at least one embodiment, the thickness of the hard coatobtained as described above is preferably 0.5 μm or more. When thethickness of the hard coat is 0.5 μm or more, the improvement effect ofscratch resistance can sufficiently be obtained. On the other hand, thethickness of the hard coat does not particularly have the upper limit.From the point of view of cost suppression, the thickness of the hardcoat may be at most 50 μm.

EXAMPLES

Embodiments of the invention will be hereinafter described withreference to Examples, but the various embodiments of the invention arenot limited to these Examples.

Measuring Methods of Physical Properties

(i) Anti-Blocking Properties

Two test pieces each having a size of 20 cm in length×12 cm in widthwere cut out from a hard coat film so that the longitudinal directioncould be the machine direction of the hard coat film. The two testpieces were superposed so that the hard coat surface of one test pieceand the back surface opposite to the hard coat surface of the other testpiece could face each other. A stainless steel plate having a size of 10cm in length×10 cm in width and a mass of 1000 g was put on the centralpart of the superposed test pieces (load: 10 g/cm²), and the test pieceswere allowed to adhere to each other at a temperature of 90° C. for 10minutes. Then, the test pieces were subjected to T-shaped peeling byhand and evaluated by the following criteria

⊚: Not adhered at all.

◯: Slightly adhered, but if one of the shorter sides of the upper testpiece is raised, the lower test piece will be separated and fall by itsown weight.

Δ: Adhered, and if one of the shorter sides of the upper test piece israised, the lower test piece will also be raised. However, no unusualsound occurs.

x: Strongly adhered, and an unusual sound will occur when the testpieces are subjected to T-shaped peeling.

(ii) Total Light Transmittance

Total light transmittance was measured using a turbidity meter “NDH2000”(trade name) by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. according to JISK7361-1:1997.

(iii) Haze

Haze was measured using a turbidity meter “NDH2000” (trade name) byNippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. according to JIS K7136:2000.

(iv) Stain Resistance (Oil-Based Marker)

The hard coat surface of a hard coat film was subjected to spot stainingwith a red oil-based marker, and then the stained portion was coveredwith a watch glass and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24hours.

Next, the stained portion was wiped and cleaned with Kimwipes (tradename) sufficiently containing isopropyl alcohol until the Kimwipes wasnot additionally stained. Then, the above portion was visually observedand evaluated by the following criteria.

⊚: No stain.

◯: Stain remains slightly.

Δ: Stain remains considerably.

x: Stain remains significantly.

(v) Stain Resistance (Aqueous Marker)

The hard coat surface of a hard coat film was subjected to spot stainingwith a red aqueous marker, and then the stained portion was covered witha watch glass and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours.

Next, the stained portion was sufficiently washed with running water andthen wiped and cleaned with Kimwipes (trade name) sufficientlycontaining tap water until the Kimwipes was not additionally stained.Then, the above portion was visually observed and evaluated by thefollowing criteria.

⊚: No stain.

∘: Stain remains slightly.

Δ: Stain remains considerably.

x: Stain remains significantly.

(vi) Fingerprint Resistance

A hard coat film was bonded to the operating surface of the touch panelof a personal digital assistant “iPad (trade name)” provided with acapacitance type touch panel by Apple Inc. so that the hard coat couldserve as a touch surface. The personal digital assistant was operatedfor 5 minutes and then visually observed whether or not fingerprintswere conspicuous.

The test was performed by 10 persons. The case where fingerprints wereconspicuous was rated as 0 point, and the case where fingerprints wereinconspicuous was rated as 1 point. The scores of the 10 persons weresummed up and evaluated by the following criteria.

⊚: 8 to 10 points

Δ: 4 to 7 points

x: 0 to 3 points

(vii) Abrasion Resistance

A sample having a size of 200 mm in length×25 mm in width was taken sothat the longitudinal direction might be the machine direction of thehard coat film, and the sample was placed on a Gakushin Tester accordingto JIS L0849 so that the hard coat could form the surface. Subsequently,a #0000 steel wool was attached to the friction terminal of the GakushinTester; a load of 250 g (1 cm×1 cm) was then placed; and the surface ofthe test piece was reciprocatingly rubbed 10 times.

The resulting surface was visually observed and evaluated by thefollowing criteria.

⊚: No scratches are observed.

◯: 1 to 5 scratches are observed.

Δ: 6 to 10 scratches are observed.

x: 11 scratches or more are observed.

(viii) Pencil Hardness

The hardness of the hard coat surface was evaluated using a pencil “Uni”(trade name) by Mitsubishi Pencil Co., Ltd. under a load of 750 gaccording to JIS K5600-5-4.

(ix) Adhesion with Transparent Conductive Thin Film

A hard coat film was annealed at 80° C. for 1 hour, and on the surfaceof the hard coat was formed a transparent conductive thin film (having athickness of 20 nm) made of an indium-tin composite oxide using a directcurrent magnetron sputtering method. Indium oxide containing 10% by massof tin oxide was used as the target; the direct current power to beapplied was set to 1.0 kW; the center roll temperature was set to 23°C.; and the argon gas partial pressure during sputtering was set to 0.67Pa. Further, a very small amount of oxygen gas was passed so that asurface resistance value could be the minimum, the partial pressure ofthe oxygen gas being 7.5×10⁻³ Pa.

Next, a co-extruded film (overall thickness: 100 μm, layer ratio:ionomer/polyethylene/polyethylene=1/2/1) was formed from a zinc ionomer“Himilan 1650 (trade name)” by Du Pont-Mitsui Polychemicals Co., Ltd.and polyethylene “Evolue 4030 (trade name)” by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.using a film production apparatus equipped with an extruder and amultilayered T die.

Subsequently, a strip-shaped test piece A having a size of 100 mm inlength×20 mm in width was cut out from the hard coat film obtained abovein which the transparent conductive thin film was laminated so that themachine direction of the film could be the longitudinal direction of thesample. Similarly, a strip-shaped test piece B having a size of 100 mmin length×20 mm in width was cut out from the co-extruded film obtainedabove so that the machine direction of the film could be thelongitudinal direction of the sample. Then, the transparent conductivethin film surface of the test piece A obtained above and the ionomersurface of the test piece B obtained above were heat-sealed at atemperature of 130° C. and a pressure of 0.5 MPa for a time period of 2seconds with a sealing area of 10 mm in length×15 mm in width. Theheat-sealed sample was subjected to conditioning at room temperature and50% relative humidity for 24 hours and then measured for peel strengthby a T-type peeling method at a testing rate of 200 mm Note that thepeeling occurred on the interface between the transparent conductivethin film and the hard coat in all the Examples and ComparativeExamples.

Raw Materials Used

(P) Urethane (meth)acrylate compound;

(P1) Tetrafunctional urethane acrylate “Beam Set 575CB (trade name)” byArakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.

(Q) Organic fine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 300nm;

(Q1) Crosslinked acrylic resin fine particles “ADVANCELL NS K-001 (tradename)” having an average particle size of 150 nm by Sekisui ChemicalCo., Ltd.

(R) Acrylic silicon leveling agent;

(R1) Acrylic silicon leveling agent “Disparlon UVX272 (trade name) byKusumoto Chemicals, Ltd.

(S) Isocyanate;

(S1) Hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer “Coronate HX (trade name)”manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.

(T) Photopolymerization initiator;

(T1) α-hydroxy acetophenone photopolymerization initiator “IRGACURE 127(trade name)” by Ciba Japan, K.K.

Preparation of Active Energy Ray-Curable Resin Composition

1.5 parts by mass of (Q1), 0.2 parts by mass of (R1) (in terms ofsolids), 3 parts by mass of (T1), 40 parts by mass of methyl ethylketone, 40 parts by mass of methyl isobutyl ketone were mixed with 100parts by mass of (P1) followed by stirring to prepare an active energyray-curable resin composition.

Example 1

A description will be made with reference to FIG. 1.

A biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate film “Lumirror U (tradename) having a thickness of 50 μm” by Toray Industries, Inc. as a filmbase material was coated with the active energy ray-curable resincomposition obtained above using a gravure coating apparatus so that thethickness of the hard coat after curing could be 3 μm, and the coatedfilm was dried at a temperature of 80° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a web3. The web 3 was cured using a curing apparatus in which a high-pressuremercury-vapor lamp type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus 1 was placedin opposition to a specular metal roll 2 having a diameter of 25.4 cm(see FIG. 1) under the conditions of a specular metal roll temperatureof 80° C., an amount of irradiation of 200 mJ/cm², a line speed of 15m/min, and a holding angle (reference mark 4 in FIG. 1) of 120 degrees,and the resulting hard coat film was wound up on a winding tube. Notethat the time period after forming a wet coating film of the activeenergy ray-curable resin composition and before starting drying of thecoating film was 7 seconds. The above physical properties tests (i) to(ix) were performed after ageing for 24 hours at ordinary temperature.The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2

A hard coat film was formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 1 except that the specular metal rolltemperature was changed to 60° C. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

A hard coat film was formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 1 except that the specular metal rolltemperature was changed to 50° C. The results are shown in Table 1.

Reference Example 1

A hard coat film was formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 1 except that the position of the entrance ofthe drying path was changed so that the time period after forming a wetcoating film of the active energy ray-curable resin composition andbefore starting drying of the coating film could be 2 seconds. Theresults are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1

A hard coat film was formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 1 except that the specular metal rolltemperature was changed to 30° C. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2

A hard coat film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 exceptthat the specular metal roll temperature was changed to 100° C.

A sample having good appearance was not able to be obtained because therigidity of the film base material was reduced to wrinkle the hard coatfilm. Therefore, the tests of the above physical properties wereomitted.

Example 4

A hard coat film was formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 2 except that the active energy ray-curableresin composition further containing 3 parts by mass of the (S1) wasused. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3

A hard coat film was formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 1 except that the component (R1) was not usedwhen the active energy ray-curable resin composition was prepared. Theresults are shown in Table 1.

Examples 5 to 10, Reference Example 2

Hard coat films were formed and measured for physical properties in thesame manner as in Example 1 except that the formulation of the activeenergy ray-curable resin compositions to be used and the hard coatthickness were changed as shown in Table 2. The results are shown inTable 2.

TABLE 1 Reference Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 (P1) 100100 100 100 100 100 100 100 (Q1) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 (R1)0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 (S1) 3 (T1) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Methyl ethylketone 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Methyl isobutyl ethyl ketone 40 40 40 4040 40 40 40 Temperature in step (3) (° C.) 80 60 50 80 80 30 100 80 Timeperiod between step 7 7 7 7 2 7 7 7 (1) and (2) (s) Remarks Poorappearance (i) Anti-blocking properties ⊚ ⊚ ◯ ⊚ Δ X X (ii) Total lighttransmittance (%) 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 (iii) Haze (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20.2 0.2 0.2 (iv) Stain resistance ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ (oil-based marker) (v)Stain resistance ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ (aqueous marker) (vi) Fingerprintresistance ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ (vii) Abrasion resistance ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ (viii)Pencil hardness 3H 3H 3H 3H 3H 3H 3H (ix) Adhesion (N/15 mm) 2.2 2.1 2.12.1 2.2 2.1 2.3

TABLE 2 Reference Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9Example 10 Example 2 (P1) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 (Q1) 3.0 1.5 1.50.80 0.21 0.21 0.21 (R1) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.03 0.03 0.03 (T1) 3 3 3 3 3 33 Methyl ethyl ketone 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Methyl isobutyl ethyl ketone40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Temperature in step (3) (° C.) 80 80 80 80 80 80 80Concentration of organic 2.82 1.43 1.43 0.77 0.20 0.20 0.20 fineparticles (mass %) Thickness of hard coat (μm) 2 2 1 2 8 6 4 Mass oforganic fine 56 29 14 15 16 12 8 particles (q) (mg) (i) Anti-blockingproperties ⊚ ⊚ ◯ ⊚ ⊚ ◯ Δ (ii) Total light transmittance (%) 93 93 93 9393 93 93 (iii) Haze (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 (iv) Stainresistance ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ (oil-based marker) (v) Stain resistance ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯◯ ◯ ◯ (aqueous marker) (vi) Fingerprint resistance ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ (vii)Abrasion resistance ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ ⊚ (viii) Pencil hardness 3H 3H 3H 3H 3H3H 3H (ix) Adhesion (N/15 mm) 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1

The hard coat films obtained by the production method of the presentinvention were excellent in anti-blocking properties, transparency,stain resistance, fingerprint resistance, abrasion resistance, andpencil hardness, and the adhesion strength of each of the hard coatfilms with a transparent conductive film was at a satisfactory level.

On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 had poor anti-blockingproperties because the temperature in the step of irradiating a drycoating film with an active energy ray to cure the coating film waslower than the temperature range of 50 to 90° C. Further, ComparativeExample 2 was unable to provide a hard coat film having good appearancebecause the temperature in the step of irradiating a dry coating filmwith an active energy ray to cure the coating film was higher than thetemperature range of 50 to 90° C. Comparative Example 3 had pooranti-blocking properties because the component (R) was not used.

A hard coat film is obtained by a production method, according tovarious embodiments of the invention, which is excellent inanti-blocking properties and transparency. This hard coat film is alsoexcellent in stain resistance, fingerprint resistance, and abrasionresistance. Therefore, this hard coat film can be suitably used for aprotective film or the like of the display of a touch panel or the like.

Further, a transparent conductive laminate, which can be suitably usedfor the display of a touch panel or the like, can be obtained bylaminating a hard coat film obtained by the production method, accordingto various embodiments of the invention, and a transparent conductivefilm.

According to at least one embodiment, the hard coat film produced,according to various embodiments of the invention, can be suitably usedas a member of a touch panel, because it is excellent in anti-blockingproperties and transparency.

According to at least one embodiment, FIG. 1 illustrates the following:

-   1: Ultraviolet irradiation apparatus-   2: Specular metal roll-   3: Web-   4: Holding angle

The invention claimed is:
 1. A hard coat film, comprising: a film basematerial; and a hard coat arranged on at least one surface of the filmbase material, the hard coat constituting at least one surface of thehard coat film, and the hard coat is comprised of an active energyray-curable resin composition, wherein the active energy ray-curableresin composition comprises: 100 parts by mass of (P) a urethane(meth)acrylate compound; 0.02 to 5 parts by mass of (Q) organic fineparticles having an average particle size of 120 to 300 nm; and 0.0002to 2 parts by mass of (R) an acrylic silicon leveling agent, wherein the(R) acrylic silicon leveling agent is loaded in the active energyray-curable resin composition in an amount of 1 part by mass or morebased on 100 parts by mass of the (Q) organic fine particles.
 2. A hardcoat film according to claim 1, wherein, when two test pieces eachhaving a size of 20 cm in length×12 cm in width are cut out from thehard coat film so that the longitudinal direction can be the machinedirection of the hard coat film, the two test pieces are superposed sothat the hard coat surface of one test piece and the back surfaceopposite to the hard coat surface of the other test piece can face eachother; a stainless steel plate having a size of 10 cm in length×10 cm inwidth and a mass of 1000 g arranged on a central part of the superposedtest pieces at a load of 10 g/cm², and the test pieces are allowed toadhere to each other at a temperature of 90° C. for 10 minutes; and thetest pieces are then subjected to T-shaped peeling by hand, the testpieces meet any one of the following criteria: (i): not being adhered atall; and (ii): being slightly adhered, but if one of the shorter sidesof the upper test piece is raised, the lower test piece will beseparated and fall by its own weight.
 3. A touch panel comprising thehard coat film according to claim
 1. 4. A touch panel comprising thehard coat film according to claim
 2. 5. The hard coat laminated filmaccording to claim 1, wherein the (Q) organic fine particles having anaverage particle size of 120 to 300 nm comprise crosslinked acrylicresin fine particles.
 6. The hard coat laminated film according to claim2, wherein the (Q) organic fine particles having an average particlesize of 120 to 300 nm comprise crosslinked acrylic resin fine particles.7. A touch panel comprising the hard coat film according to claim 5 and6.